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4-1
Chapter 4
Measurement Tutorial
Title Page
4-1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................4-2
4-2. DC VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT .....................................................4-2
4-3. Circuit Loading Error.......................................................................4-2
4-4. Input Bias Current Error...................................................................4-3
4-5. RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT ......................................................4-4
4-6. 2-Wire Ohms....................................................................................4-4
4-7. Correcting for Test Lead Resistance in 2-Wire Ohms .....................4-5
4-8. 4-Wire Ohms....................................................................................4-5
4-9. Applications of the Ohms Functions................................................4-7
4-10. TESTING DIODES.....................................................................4-7
4-11. TESTING ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS ............................4-7
4-12. A PRECISION CURRENT SOURCE.........................................4-8
4-13. DC CURRENT MEASUREMENT .....................................................4-8
4-14. REDUCING THERMAL VOLTAGES...............................................4-9
4-15. AC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT MEASUREMENT........................4-10
4-16. True RMS Measurement..................................................................4-10
4-17. Waveform Comparison....................................................................4-10
4-18. Crest Factor......................................................................................4-12
4-19. AC-Coupled AC Measurements ......................................................4-12
4-20. Combined AC and DC Measurements.............................................4-13
4-21. Bandwidth........................................................................................4-13
4-22. Zero-Input VAC Error......................................................................4-13
4-23. MAKING ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS ON THE 20 mV
AND 20Ω RANGES ............................................................................4-14
4-24. MAKING ACCURATE HIGH-RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS .4-15