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Rio Karma
Octave
An octave is a set space between two frequencies that has a ratio of two to one. (e.g., one octave higher than
500Hz is 1000Hz and one octave lower than 500Hz is 250Hz.) The human range of hearing covers roughly ten
octaves (20-20000Hz). To cover this range, each band of the 5-Band Equalizer covers two octaves and is posi-
tioned approximately two octaves apart from the next band.
Ogg Vorbis
Ogg Vorbis is a free, open, and unpatented digital audio compression format that many users use as an alternative
to MP3 or WMA. Like the WMA codec, the Ogg Vorbis codec offers greater file compression than the MP3 codec,
enabling storage of more digital audio tracks in the same amount of space when compared to MP3s.
Rip and Encode
Rip and encode refers to the process of extracting audio from an audio CD (ripping), and encoding it into a com-
pressed digital audio format like FLAC, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, or WMA.
Synchronize
Rio Music Manager can automatically (or manually) delete old content, transfer new audio content, or keep the
content on your Rio Karma fresh and dynamic. Rio Music Manager must be open for synchronization to occur.
Treble
Treble notes occupy the higher portion of the sound spectrum. Increasing the treble value will raise the levels of
the high sounds in your audio files. You can select the amount of treble in your tracks by selecting various EQ
options or setting your own Treble menu option.
VBR
Variable Bitrate (VBR) encoding converts tracks at a variable rate, using higher bitrate encoding for complex por-
tions and lower bitrate encoding for pauses and simpler portions of tracks.